Portrait of Alexander Campbell

Restorationist rival, first serious critic

Alexander Campbell

1788–1866

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The Book of Mormon: Origins, Translation, and Witnesses

Restorationist rival, first serious critic

Leader of the movement Sidney Rigdon left for Mormonism. His 1831 essay, reprinted as the pamphlet Delusions in 1832, was the first sustained textual analysis of the Book of Mormon, arguing from the inside of the book rather than from gossip about its author. He charged that it answered 'every error and almost every truth discussed in New York for the last ten years' — the founding statement of the environmental-authorship case.

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February 1831 (pamphlet 1832)

Alexander Campbell publishes the first analysis

Campbell's essay in the Millennial Harbinger, reissued in Boston in 1832 as Delusions, examined the book's internal evidence rather than its author's reputation. He charged that it addressed 'every error and almost every truth discussed in New York for the last ten years,' and objected that Nephites kept temples and priesthood outside the Levitical order.

Disputed Oliver Cowdery answered Campbell in the Messenger and Advocate in 1835; Hugh Nibley later asked why, if Campbell's local-origin explanation was so obvious, critics abandoned it for a century of Spalding theorising.
People: Alexander Campbell

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1832

Delusions: An Analysis of the Book of Mormon

Alexander Campbell

Primary sourceContemporaryText held in the Corpus

The first sustained textual critique — arguing the book answers the religious controversies of Joseph Smith's own decade rather than those of 600 BC.

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